Hyperliquid (HYPE), one of the largest decentralized exchanges (DEXs) in the industry, has announced the pre-alpha launch of a portfolio margin system on its testnet, marking a significant advance for traders by unifying spot and perpetual (perps) trading to enhance capital efficiency. 

This system supports various trading strategies, such as carry trades, wherein spot balances can collateralize short perps. Additionally, idle assets will automatically earn yield, creating a more dynamic trading environment.

Hyperliquid’s New Upgrade

In this initial rollout, users can only borrow Circle’s USDC stablecoin, with the exchange’s native token HYPE designated as the sole collateral asset. However, Hyperliquid plans to introduce Native Market’s USDH and Bitcoin (BTC) before transitioning to the alpha version. 

The portfolio margin framework is designed to be applicable across all HIP-3 decentralized exchanges and is expected to extend to future asset classes under the HyperCore umbrella. 

An upcoming upgrade will provide smart contract access via CoreWriter, allowing developers to create on-chain strategies using ERC-20-based wrappers, which will further broaden the platform’s functionality.

Market expert Austin King recently articulated the importance of this launch in a post on X (formerly Twitter), noting on the historical significance of portfolio margin, reflecting on its introduction in traditional finance (TradFi) that added an impressive $7.2 trillion to the derivatives market within a few years.

The Essential Role Of Portfolio Margin

The expert recalled that the government had introduced margin requirements in 1934 in response to excessive leverage during the 1929 crash. 

While well-intentioned, these regulations simplified the complex nature of liquidity and often exacerbated volatility in markets. The inability to run delta-neutral strategies efficiently meant that significant margin was required for each position, presenting a challenge for traders.

The introduction of portfolio margin by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) in 1988 transformed this landscape by reducing margin requirements through a comprehensive analysis of overall risk across combined positions. 

Yet it wasn’t until 2006 that retail customers gained access to these benefits, as they had been historically limited to broker-dealers and market makers.

So, what does this mean for Hyperliquid? According to King’s thesis, the introduction of portfolio margin is poised to significantly enhance liquidity growth on the platform. 

Increased Open Interest and trading volume can be expected for every dollar of margin in the system. Effectively, this will create a substantial liquidity multiplier for every new dollar that enters Hyperliquid. Moreover, portfolio margining serves as an essential tool for large-scale liquidity providers in the traditional financial sector. 

The expert asserted that without this capability, it would be economically challenging for significant TradFi players to participate in providing liquidity on Hyperliquid, as the returns per dollar of margin would be considerably lower compared to traditional exchanges that offer portfolio margin. King concluded the following:

There is more work to be done, but with this rollout one of the biggest issues I repeatedly heard cited will no longer be a blocker.

At the time of writing, HYPE was trading at $28.83, having recorded significant losses of 18% and 25% over the fourteen- and thirty-day time frames, respectively. However, it is one of the few tokens that remains in the green zone on a year-to-date basis, with gains of 60% recorded in this period.

Featured image from DALL-E, chart from TradingView.com 

As Tether (USDT), the issuer of the world’s largest stablecoin, USDT, prepares for a significant fundraising effort aimed at entering the US market, the company is actively seeking ways to bolster liquidity for its investors. 

This initiative comes in the wake of Tether’s intervention to prevent some existing shareholders from offloading their stakes at a substantial discount.

Tether In Talks With Major Firms

According to Bloomberg, Tether is contemplating various strategies, including share buybacks and the tokenization of the company’s shares on a blockchain once the fundraising deal is complete. 

These discussions have been prompted by concerns that the sale of shares by certain investors could jeopardize Tether’s ambitious fundraising goals. 

In response to inquiries from Bloomberg News, Tether confirmed that it has successfully halted plans from at least one shareholder seeking to divest their stock, emphasizing that it would be “imprudent” for any investor to attempt to bypass the established processes managed by top-tier global investment banks. 

Tether’s management is actively managing these situations to ensure that the forthcoming fundraising effort remains robust. Reports indicate that the company aims to attract “strategic” investors as part of its capital raise and has held discussions with firms such as SoftBank Group Corp. and Ark Investment Management LLC. 

However, Tether has not provided a timeline for a potential initial public offering (IPO), suggesting that both new and existing investors may face delays before any liquidity events occur.

Juventus Acquisition Proposal

Tether also announced on Friday a binding cash proposal to acquire Exor’s entire stake in the Italian Football giant, Juventus Football Club. This proposal aims to secure Exor’s shareholding, which represents 65.4 percent of Juventus’ total issued share capital. 

The completion of this acquisition is contingent upon Exor’s acceptance, the signing of final agreements, and the receipt of necessary regulatory approvals.

Tether intends to make a public tender offer for any remaining shares at the same price, fully backed by its own capital, reflecting a long-term commitment to Juventus. 

Paolo Ardoino, CEO of Tether, expressed a deep personal connection to the club, emphasizing that his experiences with Juventus have instilled values of commitment, resilience, and responsibility in him.

With plans to invest €1 billion in the club’s development and support, the firm’s proposal extends beyond mere ownership; it aims to forge a meaningful partnership that reinforces Juventus’ legacy and enhances its global brand, the firm disclosed.

Ardoino articulated his belief in the club’s importance, stating that Juventus is more than just a football team; it represents a cultural and sporting identity that has inspired loyalty among fans worldwide.

Featured image from DALL-E, chart from TradingView.com 

According to a report from CNBC, Coinbase (COIN), the largest cryptocurrency exchange in the US, is preparing to launch its own prediction market in collaboration with Kalshi, one of the largest federally regulated financial exchanges in the country. 

Coinbase Teases Major Updates

The anticipation surrounding the prediction market has been building for nearly a month. Recently, a screenshot of what appears to be Coinbase’s prediction markets dashboard was shared by Silicon Valley researcher Jane Manchun Wong in a post on social media site X (previously Twitter), shedding some light on the features of the forthcoming product. 

The Information first indicated on November 19 that Coinbase planned to introduce these prediction markets powered by Kalshi, with a formal unveiling set for the “Coinbase System Update” event scheduled for December 17. Formal announcements regarding this new platform are expected soon, potentially as early as next week.

Bloomberg corroborated this report, stating that the cryptocurrency exchange is also likely to announce a tokenized stock offering during the same event, in line with Tether’s same vision reported earlier this week.

While Coinbase has refrained from confirming these developments directly to CNBC, the company has encouraged stakeholders to tune in to its upcoming event for more details. The firm did not disclose a specific timeline for when the prediction markets will become available to users.

‘Everything Exchange’ Status 

Coinbase’s push to launch a prediction market is part of a broader strategy to transform itself into an “everything exchange”—a comprehensive platform for trading a wide variety of assets, including cryptocurrencies, tokenized stocks, and event contracts. 

CEO Brian Armstrong articulated this vision earlier in May, stressing that the cryptocurrency exchange aims to evolve into a leading financial services application within the next decade.

This development comes as Coinbase faces increasing competition from rivals like Robinhood (HOOD), Gemini (GEMI), and Kraken, all of whom have introduced tokenized equity offerings for users outside the US and are exploring prediction markets to varying extents. 

Coinbase is expanding its range of financial instruments while making a series of acquisitions this year. These include major deals such as the purchase of the crypto derivatives exchange Deribit and the on-chain advertising firm Spindl, as well as seven other major acquisitions. 

This also follows a shift in investor sentiment in the digital asset space, with the largest cryptocurrencies — including Bitcoin (BTC) — having retraced by over 30% since October amid fears of a new bear market beginning. 

Over the past months, the exchange’s stock, which trades under the ticker name COIN, has also seen a significant drop of over 39%, with the current valuation standing at $267 per share. 

Featured image from DALL-E, chart from TradingView.com 

As Pakistan continues to deepen its involvement in the digital asset landscape, the country has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with crypto exchange Binance, aiming to explore the tokenization of up to $2 billion in sovereign bonds, treasury bills, and commodity reserves to enhance liquidity and attract foreign investors.

$2 Billion Asset Tokenization Initiative

According to Reuters, the agreement sets the stage for a potential collaboration focused on allowing the tokenization and blockchain-based distribution of various real-world assets (RWAs) held by the Pakistani government. 

These assets may include sovereign bonds, treasury bills, and a range of commodity reserves such as oil, gas, metals, and other raw materials. 

The country’s finance ministry, Muhammad Aurangzeb, indicated that while the initiative could involve assets valued at up to $2 billion, final approval is still pending. The goal is to improve liquidity, transparency, and access to international markets for these assets. 

Aurangzeb remarked that the memorandum of understanding signifies Pakistan’s commitment to a reform-oriented economic trajectory and establishes a long-term partnership with Binance.

Binance founder Changpeng Zhao expressed optimism about the agreement, calling it “a great signal for the global blockchain industry and for Pakistan.” He suggested that this partnership marks the beginning of a significant shift toward fully implementing the tokenisation initiative.

PVARA Provides Initial Clearance For Binance And HTX 

In addition to this MoU, Pakistan has granted initial clearance for Binance and cryptocurrency exchange HTX, to register with local regulators as part of their efforts to establish domestic subsidiaries. This step allows both companies to prepare applications for full exchange licenses. 

The Pakistan Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (PVARA) provided these early approvals after assessing the governance and compliance frameworks of both platforms.

Chairman Bilal bin Saqib indicated that these clearances initiate Pakistan’s phased licensing process, emphasizing that the strength of compliance will play a crucial role in determining which exchanges will proceed. 

This move comes as Pakistan accelerates its digital finance overhaul, which has included the formation of the Pakistan Crypto Council and the establishment of the PVARA, alongside the drafting of a formal licensing regime.

As Bitcoinist reported at the time, Pakistan’s growing involvement in digital assets drew the attention of industry leaders such as Michael Saylor, co-founder of the Bitcoin proxy firm Strategy, who praised the country’s efforts and described it as a sign that the country understands how to handle this new market. 

Notably, Pakistan ranks as the world’s third-largest cryptocurrency market by retail activity, according to Saqib. The government is also planning a pilot program for a central bank digital currency (CBDC) and a comprehensive Virtual Assets Act.

At the time of writing, the exchange’s native cryptocurrency, Binance Coin (BNB), is trading at $878, down 35% from all-time highs just above $1,369.

Featured image from DALL-E, chart from TradingView.com

On Friday, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) approved national trust charter applications from several key firms in the industry including Circle’s First National Digital Currency Bank, Ripple National Trust Bank, BitGo Bank & Trust, Fidelity Digital Assets, and Paxos Trust Company. 

OCC’s Approval Of Digital Asset Trust Banks

Once finalized and full approval is reached, these national trust bank charters would empower the crypto companies to manage and hold assets on behalf of their customers, enabling faster payment settlements. 

Currently, Anchorage Digital is the only digital asset company that holds a national trust bank charter from the OCC, which oversees a total of 60 such institutions. 

Comptroller Jonathan Gould emphasized that each application underwent a thorough and rigorous review process, underscoring the necessity for each entity to meet additional conditions before gaining full operational status. 

He explained that welcoming new entrants into the banking landscape aids in modernizing the system, diversifying offerings, and enhancing access to innovative financial products.

Ripple CEO Challenges Banking Lobbyists

Brad Garlinghouse, CEO of Ripple, commented on the approval via social media, highlighting it as a significant advancement for Ripple’s stablecoin, RLUSD. He stated that it sets a high standard for compliance under both federal and state regulation.

Garlinghouse also took a moment to address banking lobbyists who may have opposed this move, asserting that their “anti-competitive tactics” are evident.

The executive pointed out that while these lobbyists have argued that the crypto industry does not abide by the same regulations, the recent approvals demonstrate that the crypto sector is operating transparently under the supervision of the OCC. 

Stuart Alderoty, Ripple’s Chief Legal Officer, noted that the firm is among the first entities to receive conditional approval following the enactment of the GENIUS legislation, ensuring the sustainability of Ripple’s stablecoin business for the long term.

Featured image from DALL-E, chart from TradingView.com 

On Thursday, JPMorgan, one of the largest banking institutions globally, marked a pivotal moment in the intersection of traditional finance and cryptocurrency by successfully arranging a US Commercial Paper (USCP) issuance for Galaxy Digital. 

This significant transaction, valued at $50 million, was executed on the Solana (SOL) blockchain and was purchased by Coinbase Global and crypto exchange-traded fund (ETF) issuer Franklin Templeton.

JPMorgan’s Future Plans For Blockchain Structures

This issuance stands out as one of the first instances leveraging blockchain technology for the issuance and servicing of securities, signaling a growing trend of traditional financial firms embracing new technologies. Scott Lucas, the head of Markets Digital Assets at JPMorgan, shared insights on future developments, stating: 

In the first half of next year, we intend to build on this momentum by exploring how this structure and JPMorgan’s role in it can be expanded, not just in terms of the investor and issuer base but also security type.

Acting as the arranger for the deal, JPMorgan also created the on-chain USCP token. The process for both issuance and redemption will be conducted in Circle’s USDC stablecoin. 

This issuance marks Galaxy’s inaugural foray into commercial paper, enhancing the firm’s short-term funding capabilities and facilitating access to a growing array of institutional investors who are increasingly incorporating blockchain-money market instruments into their portfolios. 

Solana Foundation’s Role 

Jason Urban, Global Head of Trading at Galaxy, highlighted the potential of public blockchains in enhancing capital markets’ operational efficiency. 

Urban noted that by actualizing the first on-chain commercial paper offering and aiding in structuring one of the earliest US transactions of its kind, Galaxy is actively promoting an open, programmable infrastructure that supports “high-caliber financial products.”

Sandy Kaul, Head of Innovation at Franklin Templeton, remarked on the industry’s shift towards practical blockchain usage, emphasizing the pivotal role of the investment in backing Galaxy’s initiatives and accelerating progress towards a more open, efficient, and resilient financial ecosystem.

Nick Ducoff, Head of Institutional Growth at the Solana Foundation, highlighted the critical advancement achieved by bringing the security and efficiency of public blockchains to institutional finance. 

He further disclosed that Solana’s architecture facilitates secure and trustworthy financial transactions, providing a robust foundation for institutions like JP Morgan to arrange transactions with enhanced trust and performance standards.

Brett Tejpaul, Co-CEO of Coinbase Institutional, emphasized the transformative impact JPMorgan’s initiative and the milestone transaction in institutional finance’s adoption of public blockchain technology. 

At the time of writing, Solana’s native token, SOL, was trading at $136, having recorded a significant 12% decline over the past 30 days. This price action also positions SOL’s valuation down by over 53% from the all-time high of $293 reached earlier in the year. 

Featured image from DALL-E, chart from TradingView.com 

On Thursday, Bitcoin (BTC) once again fell below the critical $90,000 mark, even after what many had anticipated to be a bullish event stemming from the US Federal Reserve’s (Fed) decision to cut rates by a quarter point. Analysts from Bull Theory note several factors contributing to this unexpected downturn.

Bitcoin Sell-Off Amid Market Unease

The analysts pointed out that the rate cut itself was largely anticipated by investors weeks prior, with a 95% probability already priced into the market. 

Ahead of the announcement, they identified that many positioned themselves in expectation of some form of liquidity support from the Fed, leading to a rally in Bitcoin prices. 

However, when the actual cut and the accompanying plan for $40 billion in monthly T-bill purchases were confirmed, many of these “whales”—large investors in the market—began to take profits. 

Adding to the market’s unease was Fed Chair Jerome Powell’s post-announcement press conference, where he highlighted persistent weaknesses in the labor market and ongoing inflation concerns. Furthermore, the Fed’s dot plot projections indicated the likelihood of only one additional rate cut in 2026.

The situation was compounded by disappointing earnings results from Oracle, which reported its second quarter’s financials after the market’s close. The tech giant missed its adjusted revenue estimates, and higher capital expenditure projections led the stock to plunge by more than 11% in after-hours trading. 

This drop also negatively impacted US stock futures, as concerns grew that the artificial intelligence (AI) boom may be peaking. The widespread fear from Oracle’s results quickly spread from equities into the cryptocurrency space.

Ultimately, all three factors converged to create a significant sell-off: the rate cut was already factored into the market, liquidity trades had been preemptively enacted, and Powell’s remarks did not provide the strong easing signal that some traders had hoped for. 

Positive Liquidity Conditions Expected In 2026

Interestingly, Bull Theory analysts assert that the crypto market’s recent decline is not indicative of a fundamental shift towards bearish conditions but rather an overreaction based on high expectations leading up to the Fed’s announcement. 

The Fed has now enacted rate cuts three times in as many meetings, and their plans to purchase $40 billion in T-bills over the next month are designed to inject liquidity into the markets. 

Moreover, Powell indicated that further rate hikes are not on the horizon as a base case, and forecasts for solid economic growth next year remain intact.

Although job gains may have been overstated, suggesting a softer labor market, this could afford the Fed greater flexibility to ease monetary conditions in the future if necessary. 

The current market movements illustrate that the dumping of assets was largely driven by overly optimistic expectations rather than any deterioration in underlying fundamentals.

Looking ahead, the analysts believe that next year is expected to be more favorable for Bitcoin and broader crypto prices in terms of liquidity, contrasting sharply with the conditions projected for 2025. 

Bitcoin recovered above $91,100 as of this writing, amid rising volatility. This puts the top cryptocurrency 26% behind its all-time high of $126,000, set in October of this year. 

Featured image from DALL-E, chart from TradingView.com 

The US Congress is moving rapidly to support President Donald Trump’s Executive Order 14330, signed on August 7, 2025, which is focused on “democratizing access to alternative assets, including crypto, for 401(k) Investors.”

This order mandates the Department of Labor (DOL) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to lower regulatory barriers that currently prevent investments in alternative assets—such as private equity, real estate, digital assets, and commodities—from being included in 401(k) retirement plans.

Congressional Push For Crypto In 401(k)s

In a joint letter signed by Republican Congressman French Hill and Democratic ranking member Maxine Waters of the House Financial Services Committee, lawmakers expressed their endorsement of the Executive Order. 

They highlighted the importance of providing all Americans with access to alternative asset investments as a means to enhance net risk-adjusted returns on their retirement savings. 

The letter emphasized that the Executive Order instructs the Secretary of Labor to work alongside the SEC to assess the need for regulatory adjustments. It also calls on the SEC to alter its guidelines to facilitate access to these alternative assets in participant-directed defined contribution retirement plans.

The legislators urged the SEC to act promptly, suggesting that revisions to existing regulations are essential to allow 90 million Americans currently restricted from investing in alternative assets to secure a more dignified retirement.

However, the implementation of this Executive Order may face further delays as the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) has publicly voiced its opposition to this initiative as well as to the proposed cryptocurrency market structure bill, which has already encountered notable delays in Congress.

AFT Raises Alarm Over Executive Order 

As reported by Bitcoinist on Wednesday, December 10, AFT President Randi Weingarten criticized the Executive Order, describing it as “as irresponsible as it is reckless.” 

The federation’s President further expressed significant concern over the alleged risks that this order poses to working families’ pensions and the broader economy. 

Weingarten pointed out that the current draft of the order raises “deep concerns” regarding retirement plans, including those related to the union’s own pensions. Her argument centers on the fear that advancing crypto legislation could pave the way for widespread fraud and unethical practices within retirement schemes.

Among the specific worries mentioned by the AFT is a provision allowing non-crypto companies to issue stock on the blockchain, thereby circumventing established regulatory frameworks for securities. 

Weingarten warned that this could lead to the erosion of traditional securities laws and potentially disastrous outcomes. She cautioned that retirement plans, including pensions and 401(k) accounts, might be invested in unsafe assets even under the guise of being traditional securities.

Featured image from DALL-E, chart from TradingView.com 

A recent report from BitcoinTreasuries.Net highlights significant challenges faced by Bitcoin-focused treasury companies since November. The findings revealed that the vast majority of these firms are now grappling with substantial unrealized losses, prompting many to sell off considerable amounts of their Bitcoin holdings.

Market Struggles Continue

In a sample analysis of 100 companies with reliable cost basis measurements, approximately 65% purchased Bitcoin at prices that now exceed the current market value, leaving a considerable number of these treasuries with substantial unrealized losses. 

Bitcoin’s market downturn in late November pushed spot prices down towards $90,000, leaving many buyers from 2025 at a financial disadvantage. 

Now, the market’s leading crypto has retraced below this key level on Thursday, even despite the Federal Reserve (Fed) rate cut announcement. Among the companies surveyed, about two-thirds are found to be sitting on unrealized losses based on current market values. 

But despite the volatility in pricing, some of the largest balance sheets continued to acquire Bitcoin. Notably, firms like Strategy (previously MicroStrategy) and Strive significantly contributed to net additions in November, with Strategy accounting for approximately 75% of all monthly purchases following their sell-offs.

Mining companies remain steadfast as a cornerstone of public market Bitcoin holdings. In November, they represented about 5% of new additions to the market and around 12% of the total balances held by public companies. 

Bitcoin Demand Remains Strong

Even as Bitcoin treasury stocks have shown softness compared to Bitcoin itself and broader equity benchmarks, many companies still pursued strategies to add BTC to their balance sheets while refining their capital-market approaches. 

BitcoinTreasury.Net’s analysis indicates that nearly 50 firms have managed to achieve gains of at least 10% over the last 6 to 12 months.

Over time, losses have begun to soften for some. Currently, around 140 companies have experienced declines of at least 10% over a 1 to 3 month period, while about 105 companies have seen similar declines year-to-date. 

However, not all corporate holders opted to weather the storm of price fluctuations. In November alone, at least five companies decided to sell Bitcoin, with Sequans leading the charge by offloading roughly one-third of its holdings.

Looking forward, the fourth quarter of 2025 is expected to close with about 40,000 BTC added to public company balance sheets. This figure is notably below the totals from each of the prior four quarters and aligns closely with the additions seen in the third quarter of 2024. 

The report concluded that despite a clear easing in the “summer buying frenzy,” demand for Bitcoin has not entirely diminished as public corporations are adapting to a more cautious and selective approach as they reassess their recent purchases.

At the time of writing, BTC traded at $89,920, down over 2% in the previous 24 hours. This places the cryptocurrency 27% behind its all-time high of $126,000 set in October of this year. 

Featured image from DALL-E, chart from TradingView.com

The legal saga surrounding Do Kwon, co-founder of Terraform Labs, has culminated in a significant ruling, with the crypto magnate sentenced to 15 years in prison this Thursday. 

This decision follows a tumultuous period marked by the collapse of two digital currencies created by the firm, which collectively erased an estimated $40 billion from the market in 2022, leading to widespread repercussions within the broader cryptocurrency industry.

Do Kwon’s 15-Year Sentence

During the sentencing hearing, US District Judge Paul A. Engelmayer underscored the seriousness of Do Kwon’s actions, stating, “Your fraud was unusually serious. For four years you publicly lied to the market.” 

The judge emphasized that Kwon misrepresented TerraUSD as a stablecoin backed by a system designed to sustain its peg to the dollar, asserting that Kwon’s claims were ultimately fraudulent when the peg faltered.

Judge Engelmayer remarked that Do Kwon’s actions had devastating effects, contributing to the collapse of investments for “hundreds of thousands of investors.” He noted that a lighter sentence would be unacceptable, stating: 

“Five years would be so implausible it would require appellate reversal. Others must be deterred. People are watching this [live]. There will be future entrepreneurs. This case will serve as a reminder of breaking bad and what happens.” 

With that, the US District Judge imposed a 15-year sentence, factoring in time already served—17 months and eight days while in pre-extradition custody.

Judge Hints At Fort Dix Transfer

Interestingly, there were suggestions from both the judge and prosecutors that Kwon could be transferred to Fort Dix, a facility where some high-profile inmates are held. There’s also the possibility that part of his sentence could be served in South Korea, where he is facing additional legal challenges.

In January, Do Kwon was charged with nine criminal counts that included securities fraud, wire fraud, commodities fraud, and conspiracy to commit money laundering. 

Featured image from ABC, chart from TradingView.com 

On Wednesday, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) released findings that have raised alarm bells regarding crypto debanking, reigniting fears of what some are dubbing “Operation Chokepoint 2.0” within the financial sector. 

This supervisory review focused on nine of the largest national banks under OCC supervision, including JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, Citibank, Wells Fargo, US Bank, Capital One, PNC Bank, TD Bank, and BMO Bank.

‘Harmful Debanking Policies’

The preliminary findings from the OCC reveal troubling trends: between 2020 and 2023, these banks appeared to make unwarranted distinctions among customers based on their legal business activities. 

Specifically, many of these institutions maintained policies that either restricted access to financial services or required heightened scrutiny and approvals for certain clients. 

The OCC identified examples where at least one bank imposed limitations on various sectors, including crypto, due to their engagement in activities considered “contrary to [the bank’s] values,” even though those activities were not illegal.

Sectors affected by these policies included oil and gas exploration, coal mining, firearms, private prisons, tobacco and e-cigarettes, adult entertainment, and notably, digital assets. 

The findings indicated that many banks placed strict limitations on crypto-related activities as well, which often stemmed from concerns about financial crime.

These practices, the OCC confirmed, were prevalent at each of the banks examined in the review. Comptroller Jonathan V. Gould expressed frustration regarding the situation, stating: 

It is unfortunate that the nation’s largest banks thought these harmful debanking policies were an appropriate use of their government-granted charter and market power. 

Gould noted that while many of these policies were publicly announced, some banks have maintained that they did not participate in debanking.

In his comments, Comptroller Gould emphasized the OCC’s commitment to eliminating practices that would “weaponize finance,” whether instigated by regulators or the banks themselves. 

National Banks To Facilitate Crypto Transactions

The agency disclosed that it is still evaluating “thousands of complaints” related to allegations of political and religious debanking, with plans to report on these findings “in due course.” The OCC aims to hold banks accountable for these actions and ensure that unlawful debanking practices do not persist. 

This follows Tuesday’s letter from the banking regulator that allows national banks to participate in “riskless principal transactions” involving cryptocurrencies. This permits national banks to buy and sell cryptocurrencies for their customers’ accounts. 

This new structure allows users to transact in crypto-assets through established national banks, resulting in a more regulated environment than exchanges that operate outside of strict oversight regulation. 

Featured image from DALL-E, chart from TradingView.com 

The much-anticipated crypto market structure bill, intended to establish a clearer regulatory framework for digital assets in the United States, appears to be facing significant delays. 

Recent discussions among a bipartisan group of pro-crypto senators suggest that a markup, initially expected before Christmas, may be postponed until after the holiday season.

Negotiations Stalled For Crypto Bill

According to a report by Eleanor Terret from Crypto In America, a closed-door meeting on Tuesday revealed that advancing the bill before Christmas is becoming increasingly unlikely. 

The significant hurdle lies in the ongoing negotiations between Republican and Democratic lawmakers, who remain divided on several critical issues. 

A leaked three-page compromise proposal from Senate Banking Republicans to their Democratic counterparts, reported by Politico, offered some insights into the negotiation process.

Among the provisions highlighted in the proposal was an assurance to Democrats that front-end sanctions compliance for certain decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms would be integrated into the bill. In exchange, the proposal sought to preserve protections for software developers and self-custody. 

Two major points for Democrats were included in this offer: a requirement for Democratic commissioners to be involved in agencies overseeing crypto and ethics language aimed at preventing high-ranking government officials from profiting from digital assets. 

Bipartisan Support Remains Elusive

As lawmakers continue to grapple with the complexities of the negotiations, there is a sense of fatigue among those involved. At this week’s BA Policy Summit, Senator Bernie Moreno described the bargaining process as “decently frustrating.” 

Senator Cynthia Lummis, one of the top supporters of the industry and the passage of the market structure bill, and chair of the Senate Banking’s Subcommittee on Digital Assets, noted that the staff members working on the bill are feeling “exhausted.”

With only seven working days remaining before members depart for the Christmas break, negotiations are expected to persist. Senator Lummis has indicated her desire to release a draft of the bill by the end of this week, allowing the industry a chance to review it ahead of a potential markup next week. 

According to Terret, Senate Banking Chair Tim Scott could still convene a markup next week and likely push the bill through along party lines. However, securing bipartisan support would greatly enhance the final bill’s chances of passing in the full Senate next year, potentially explaining a decision to delay the markup until January.

Meanwhile, the Senate Agriculture Committee, which previously released an incomplete draft of its own market structure bill last month, may also hold its markup next week. 

However, committee Chairman John Boozman suggested to Bloomberg Tax that he would likely postpone such a decision until next year, citing several “difficult issues” that need resolution.

A spokeswoman for the committee later confirmed to Crypto In America that a markup would be scheduled “soon,” indicating that discussions are still ongoing. 

Featured image from DALL-E, chart from TradingView.com

Strategy, formerly known as MicroStrategy, has expressed strong opposition to a proposal by the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) to exclude digital asset treasury companies (DATs) from its indexes. 

Calls For Fair Treatment Of Digital Asset Companies

In a recent letter signed by Michael Saylor and the firm’s CEO Phong Le, Strategy highlighted its support for MSCI’s efforts to establish consistent eligibility criteria across its indices. 

However, the company criticized the proposed threshold for excluding firms with more than 50% digital assets on their balance sheets, calling it “misguided.” The company argued that this measure could have negative implications not only for Strategy’s operations but also for the broader cryptocurrency market.

Strategy emphasized that, unlike traditional investment funds, it maintains the operational agility to adapt its value-creation strategies in tune with the evolving technology underlying Bitcoin. 

The firm asserts that this flexibility is a critical asset for investors and distinguishes Strategy and other DATs from traditional digital asset investment vehicles. 

The firm likened its investment approach in a singular asset class to that of real estate investment trusts (REITs) or oil companies, stating that MSCI categorizes those entities correctly without labeling them as investment funds. Therefore, it argued, DATs should be afforded similar treatment.

‘Discriminatory And Arbitrary’

The letter criticized the proposed 50% digital asset threshold as “discriminatory and arbitrary,” suggesting that it imposes uniquely unfavorable conditions on digital asset companies while allowing other industries—like oil, timber, and real estate—to maintain concentrated asset holdings without similar scrutiny. 

Strategy raised concerns that enforcing this rule would necessitate MSCI to create new methods for measuring balance sheet concentration, complicating the indexing process unnecessarily due to varying accounting principles across asset classes and jurisdictions.

Additionally, Strategy elaborated on how the exclusion of DATs could substantially inhibit innovation within the digital asset industry, which the current administration strongly promotes as part of its economic strategy. 

The company said that digital assets like Bitcoin have the potential to become foundational elements of global financial systems, but the proposed measures could limit access to these transformative technologies for pension plans and 401(k)s, ultimately redirecting billions away from the sector.

Strategy cautioned that a hasty exclusion of DATs could be based on misconceptions about their business models, asserting that it reflects a misunderstanding of the nature of these entities. 

The firm advocated for a more measured approach similar to MSCI’s past handling of the “Communication Services” sector, which underwent extensive consultation and a thorough review before reorganizing traditional telecom, media, and internet companies.

Strategy Urges MSCI To Reconsider

If implemented, Strategy warns that MSCI’s proposal could lead to the delisting of numerous companies heavily involved in digital assets. JPMorgan analysts estimate that Strategy alone might face liquidations of up to $2.8 billion as a direct consequence of this exclusion.

Such a move is also expected to potentially distort market dynamics by incentivizing Bitcoin miners to sell their assets immediately instead of holding them as part of their business strategy.

In light of these concerns, Strategy urged MSCI to withdraw the proposal for excluding companies with over 50% digital asset holdings from its Global Investable Market Indexes. 

The firm asserted that the proposal is rooted in a flawed understanding of DATs and would impose conditions unaligned with national interests, particularly those advocating for the responsible growth of the digital asset space.

As of this writing, the company’s stock, trading under the ticker symbol MSTR, is trading at $185. There has been almost no difference since Tuesday’s trading session amid consolidating crypto prices. 

Featured image from DALL-E, chart from TradingView.com 

The American Federation of Teachers (AFT) has formally added its voice to the growing opposition against the proposed crypto market structure bill, urging the Senate Banking Committee to reconsider the legislation. 

In a letter obtained by CNBC, AFT President Randi Weingarten described the bill as “as irresponsible as it is reckless,” citing the alleged dangers it poses to working families’ pensions and the overall economy.

AFT Calls Out Loopholes In Crypto Legislation

In her correspondence with Senate Banking Committee Chairman Tim Scott and Ranking Member Elizabeth Warren, who is known for her consistent skepticism toward digital assets, Weingarten expressed significant concern about the implications of the proposed legislation. 

She stated that the current draft gives the AFT “deep concern” over the risks posed to retirement plans, including the union’s own pensions. Weingarten argued that advancing the crypto legislation could open the door to “widespread fraud” and “unethical practices” within retirement schemes.

Weingarten alleged that the bill “misleadingly” portrays cryptocurrencies as stable and mainstream, despite their volatility. She argued that rather than providing necessary safeguards. “If passed, it will undercut the safety of many assets and cause problems across retirement investments,” she noted.

Among the specific concerns raised by the AFT was a provision allowing non-crypto companies to issue their stock on the blockchain, thus evading existing regulatory frameworks for securities. 

Weingarten warned that this loophole and the corresponding erosion of traditional securities laws could have “disastrous outcomes.” She noted that pensions and 401(k) plans may end up invested in unsafe assets, even when they are nominally traditional securities. 

Additionally, she criticized the legislation for inadequately addressing the fraud and illegal activities that Weingarten believes remain prevalent in crypto markets, labeling it “irresponsible” and “reckless.”

Delays And Heightened Concerns

In the letter, Weingarten also stressed that if the bill were to become law, it could potentially set the stage for the next financial crisis. The AFT’s stance aligns with concerns previously expressed by the AFL-CIO, the nation’s largest labor union, which also opposed a draft of the crypto bill in October.

In line with Weingarten’s opposition, Democratic senators, including Warren, have raised concerns regarding the balance of regulatory oversight between the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). 

Massachusetts Secretary of State William Galvin reiterated these concerns in a letter, highlighting that the proposed legislation could exclude significant portions of the financial industry from state oversight, creating risks for millions of savers.

Progress on the Senate’s version of the crypto market structure bill has faced delays, partly attributed to the recent lengthiest government shutdown in US history. 

Senator Lummis recently provided insight into potential timelines, indicating that her goal is to share a new draft by the end of the week. She plans to allow both the crypto industry and lawmakers from both parties to review the draft before moving forward with markup next week.

Featured image from DALL-E, chart from TradingView.com 

In a move that could signal a bullish shift for Bitcoin (BTC) and the broader cryptocurrency market, the Federal Reserve (Fed) announced a 25 basis points (bps) interest rate cut, bringing the new rate range to 3.5% to 3.75%. 

Bitcoin Poised To Surge Toward $100,000?

Kevin Hassett, the White House economic adviser and a leading candidate to become the next Fed chair, commented to the Wall Street Journal CEO Council that there is “plenty of room” for additional interest rate cuts. 

He stated, “If the data suggests that we could do it, then — like right now, I think there’s plenty of room to do it.” Hassett, who is President Donald Trump’s preferred choice for the Fed chair position after Jerome Powell’s tenure concludes, has been critical of Powell for being “too late” in lowering rates.

While the last rate cut in October had minimal impact on the Bitcoin price, analyst Michael van de Poppe believes that the current rate cut could significantly benefit the cryptocurrency. He characterized it as a “great move” for Bitcoin and noted that a breakout above $92,000 might be indicative of future bullish momentum. 

Van de Poppe expressed optimism about Bitcoin’s ability to maintain the support level between $91,500 and $92,000, suggesting that if it does, there could be a pathway for Bitcoin to approach the $100,000 mark.

Can BTC Avoid Historical 10% Decline?

Market expert Ash Crypto pointed out that historically, each of the last four times the Fed slashed rates by 25 bps, Bitcoin experienced a 5% to 10% decline shortly thereafter. Despite this pattern, Ash noted that the current market setup differs from previous scenarios, suggesting that different dynamics could be at play.

Several positive factors underpinning this optimism include the conclusion of quantitative tightening (QT) after a three-year period. Should Powell hint at the possibility of quantitative easing (QE) in his forthcoming remarks, it could spur a further bullish trend in the market. 

Additionally, with this being the third rate cut, Ash asserted that there is potential for increased liquidity to flow back into the markets, which historically benefits risk assets like Bitcoin.

Featured image from DALL-E, chart from TradingView.com 

On Tuesday, Bitwise announced the launch of the Bitwise 10 Crypto Index ETF (BITW) on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), allowing investors to gain exposure to a diverse range of cryptocurrencies in a single investment vehicle. 

This ETF includes ten digital assets: Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), XRP, Solana (SOL), Chainlink (LINK), Litecoin (LTC), Cardano (ADA), Avalanche (AVAX), Sui (SUI), and Polkadot (DOT). 

Notably, BITW marks the first exchange-traded fund by a major crypto asset manager to incorporate Avalanche, Sui, and Polkadot into its portfolio, as highlighted by Bitwise CEO and co-founder Hunter Horsley in a recent interview with CNBC.

Bitwise ETF Launches With Over $1 Billion In Assets

“This development significantly broadens the audience that can access these various assets, particularly for those digital currencies that lack a spot ETF,” Horsley explained on Monday. 

The fund is tailored for both financial advisors and smaller investors looking to utilize funds from individual retirement accounts (IRAs) or other retirement savings, where ETFs serve as the main investment option.

BITW represents a conversion from a prior index fund that encompassed the same digital currencies and has launched with over $1 billion in assets. 

The approval of Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs back in January 2024 has led asset managers to compete for the chance to introduce ETFs that track a broader range of digital assets, including altcoins like Sui and Aptos, as well as memecoins such as TRUMP and Dogecoin (DOGE). 

However, these investment vehicles experienced major withdrawals in October and November, particularly for Bitcoin- and Ethereum-focused ETFs. These withdrawals reached record levels amid a broader sense of caution due to falling crypto prices. 

“The timing is ideal for many investors who have been paying attention since the Bitcoin ETF launch and are now looking for a more comprehensive way to allocate to digital assets without the need to select individual assets,” Horsley noted.

BITW Allocates 90% To Major Cryptos 

It’s important to emphasize that while BITW offers exposure to smaller cryptocurrencies in terms of market capitalization, its allocation to these assets is proportionately limited. 

Specifically, the ETF dedicates 90% of its holdings to Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, and XRP, with the remaining 10% allocated to the other tokens in the fund. 

The fund will undergo monthly rebalancing, a more frequent schedule compared to many exchange-traded funds in the market that typically rebalance quarterly or semi-annually. 

Bitwise further expressed its commitment to expanding access to cryptocurrency opportunities, stating in a social media post: 

At Bitwise, we’ve been working tirelessly since 2017 to expand access to the opportunities in crypto. Countless investors have requested an index ETP, and we’re thrilled that NOW, with BITW’s listing on NYSE, you have that option. We believe 2025 is a breakout year for this space, and we are more optimistic than ever about the opportunities ahead.

As of this writing, Ethereum is the best-performing asset in Bitwise’s new fund. It is trading at $3,323 and has recorded gains of up to 6% in the past 24 hours as it approaches key resistance levels. 

Featured image from DALL-E, chart from TradingView.com 

On Tuesday, the Ethereum price experienced a notable surge, climbing by 6.5% and reclaiming the critical $3,300 mark for the first time in nearly a month. This has allowed Ethereum to outpace its peers among the top ten cryptocurrencies by market capitalization, showcasing a nearly 12% recovery for the leading altcoin over the past week.

ETH Grows In Demand 

Analysts from Bull Theory attribute this resurgence to several key factors, including significant institutional interest in Ethereum. The firm highlighted BitMine, which holds the largest public company collection of ETH, as a major player in this recovery phase. 

In a recent social media update on X (formerly Twitter), the analysts pointed out that demand for ETH is on the rise as Wall Street quietly builds on the Ethereum platform.

Notably, major financial institutions are beginning to make substantial moves in the Ethereum space. BlackRock, which manages $13.5 trillion, is launching tokenized funds and has filed for a staked Ethereum exchange-traded fund (ETF). 

Other notable players include JPMorgan with $4 trillion in assets, Deutsche Bank at $1.1 trillion, and Standard Chartered with $800 billion. These firms are developing tokenization and decentralized finance (DeFi) infrastructure specifically on Ethereum and its Layer 2 (L2) solutions.

In addition, well-known financial entities such as Amundi, HSBC, BNY Mellon, Coinbase (COIN), Kraken, and Robinhood (HOOD) are incorporating Ethereum into their operations for functions like custody, settlement, and rollup infrastructure. 

As a result, these large companies are holding and staking ETH to generate yield, significantly increasing the altcoin’s demand. BitMine, for instance, anticipates earning over $400 million annually from its staking position.

Could The Ethereum Price Hit $12,000?

Such institutional involvement has led market experts like Tom Lee to speculate that the Ethereum price could potentially reach $12,000 by 2026, driven by growing staking demand and the scaling of tokenization efforts. 

Adding to the momentum, Arkham reported that Tom Lee’s Ethereum treasury firm acquired 138,452 ETH since last week, valued at approximately $431.97 million. BitMine currently holds $12.05 billion in ETH and has an additional $1 billion allocated for further purchases. 

In a different development that could bolster the Ethereum price further, Chris MacDonald, an analyst for The Motley Fool, highlighted reports indicating that the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) confirmed US banks can now legally conduct “riskless principal” transactions in crypto assets. 

The analyst asserted that this new regulatory approval may lead to an influx of capital into digital assets, which would likely benefit the Ethereum price and holders, as well as other top cryptocurrencies.

As of this writing, the Ethereum price is trading at $3,325. Despite recent gains, the price is still nearly 33% below the all-time high of $4,946, which was reached earlier this year. 

Featured image from DALL-E, chart from TradingView.com 

During what many anticipated would be the year of a major Bitcoin (BTC) bull run, market expert Axel Adler has revealed that the leading cryptocurrency finds itself at the midpoint of a bear cycle. 

A Mild Bear Cycle Compared To History

As of now, Bitcoin has recorded a modest year-to-date decline of 4%. However, the cryptocurrency has shown some stability this week, consolidating in the range of $89,000 to $94,000, with the latter figure serving as immediate resistance. 

According to Adler, this current correction, which stands at approximately -32%, is considered less severe compared to previous bear cycles. He emphasizes that approximately 88% of Bitcoin holdings remain in unrealized profit, while only about 12% of the total supply is currently at a loss.

Adler points out that Bitcoin’s price action has remained relatively steady within the $90,000 zone, reflecting a mild drawdown in historical context. 

The crucial question as the year approaches its end is whether this correction will stabilize between -35% and -40% from its all-time high, indicating a new, more “flattened” cycle, or if the market will follow historical trends that typically lead to deeper declines of -60% to -70%.

Analyzing past cycles, Adler notes that major bear markets in 2011, 2016, 2019, and 2023 were characterized by a significant increase in the percentage of coins at a loss, often rising to around 60%. These levels typically marked capitulation points in the market. 

In contrast, the current landscape shows only 12% of holders experiencing unrealized losses, which diverges sharply from the patterns observed during past bear markets.

Can Bitcoin Avoid Deeper Declines?

The expert further noted that during recent local cycle peaks, only about 17% of coins were in the red, a figure that remains three to four times lower than traditional capitulation levels. 

This unusual configuration suggests that the current market may resemble a correction within a bullish supercycle rather than the final downturn of a full-blown bear market.

Adler believes that the market appears to be testing the resilience of this correction structure, which stands at -32% from its peak, while maintaining a high ratio of profitable positions. 

He argues that if Bitcoin can sustain this maximum drawdown above the -35% zone alongside moderate unrealized losses, it could bolster the case for a shift towards more “flat” corrections influenced by institutional demand and a structural supply deficit.

On the contrary, should Bitcoin’s correction extend beyond the -40% mark, the likelihood of entering a classic bear market increases significantly. Such a scenario would pave the way for deeper declines, potentially reaching the -60% to -70% range, and could trigger a full capitulation phase in terms of unrealized loss metrics.

At the time of writing, the market’s leading cryptocurrency is trading at $93,000, marking gains of 5% and nearly 9% in the 24-hour and 14-day time frames, respectively.

Featured image from DALL-E, chart from TradingView.com 

Senators engaged in bipartisan discussions regarding the anticipated crypto market structure bill met on Tuesday amid ongoing disagreements about the timing of a committee vote on the legislation. 

According to a report from Politico, Sen. Cynthia Lummis, a key negotiator for the Republican side, expressed optimism that a new draft of the bill could be released this week. 

Lummis aims to have the bill ready for markup before Congress adjourns for the holiday break, stating, “Knock on wood, I hope to share a draft at the end of this week that reflects our best efforts to date.”

Lummis Urges Swift Progress On Crypto Legislation

During a panel discussion hosted by the Blockchain Association, Sen. Lummis emphasized the urgency of progressing with the legislation. She remarked that it might be advantageous for lawmakers to finalize a product and proceed with the markup next week, allowing everyone to take a break for the Christmas holidays. 

In related developments, Politico reported that Senate Banking Republicans submitted a proposal to their Democratic counterparts last week, suggesting over 30 amendments to a previous draft of the legislation. 

The three-page document, which comes from GOP senators on the Banking Committee, seeks to maintain certain elements of the original bill while incorporating adjustments acceptable to Democratic lawmakers.

Senate Banking Committee Chair Tim Scott and other Republicans are eager to finalize the markup next week, although some Democrats have expressed skepticism about this ambitious timeline. Following a meeting on Monday, Democrats sent a response to the GOP offer, but details of their feedback remain unclear.

Concessions In GOP’s Proposal 

The GOP’s proposal outlines the aspects from a September crypto market structure framework that they agree to integrate into a bipartisan bill, hoping to reconcile differences with their Democratic colleagues. 

The proposal includes a two-column table delineating 38 concessions the Republicans are willing to make, in exchange for retaining or modifying 32 sections of the original Responsible Financial Innovation Act discussion draft.

Among the concessions is language that reflects White House approval, which could address Democratic concerns regarding appointments to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). 

Additionally, the proposal contains ethics provisions aimed at addressing scrutiny over the Trump family’s business connections in the crypto sector. 

However, Lummis noted a previous ethics proposal she negotiated with Sen. Ruben Gallego was rejected by the White House, and she plans to collaborate further with Democrats to revisit the issue.

Other notable concessions from the Republicans include a section on consumer protection standards for digital assets, proposed language regarding bankruptcy, the establishment of a federal baseline for crypto ATMs, and risk management standards for digital asset intermediaries. 

Featured image from DALL-E, chart from TradingView.com 

In a new major breakthrough for the digital asset industry in the United States, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) announced on Tuesday that national banks are permitted to engage in “riskless principal transactions” involving crypto-assets. 

This confirmation comes through the issuance of Interpretive Letter 1188, which outlines the guidelines for such activities.

OCC’s New Framework

According to the OCC’s guidance, acting as a riskless principal for crypto-assets aligns with the services that national banks already offer to custody customers. 

National banks are now allowed to buy and sell both financial and non-financial assets held in custody based on customer directions, adhering to existing agreements and legal requirements. 

Therefore, facilitating the buying and selling of digital assets for custody customers in a riskless principal capacity is essentially the same as acting as an agent for those customers, and it is acknowledged as a legitimate banking activity.

This new framework means that customers can transact in crypto-assets through established national banks, providing a more regulated environment compared to exchanges that operate outside the purview of strict financial oversight. 

Key Concern For Banks In Crypto Transactions

The OCC also distinguished between riskless principal transactions in digital assets and those in traditional securities. The primary differences lie in the underlying assets and the technology used to facilitate these transactions. 

The main concern associated with riskless principal transactions is counterparty credit risk, especially settlement risk. Similarly, in customer-driven, perfectly matched derivative transactions that utilize transitory title transfer, credit risk is the predominant factor. In the letter, the OCC concluded the following:

As with any activity, a bank that conducts riskless principal crypto-asset transactions must do so in a safe and sound manner and in compliance with applicable law. The OCC will examine riskless principal crypto-asset activities as part of its ongoing supervisory process.

Featured image from DALL-E, chart from TradingView.com