The BBB warns of a rising ghost-tap scam exploiting tap-to-pay cards and mobile wallets. How attackers use NFC proximity tricks.

The post Ghost-Tap Scam Makes Payments Scarier  appeared first on Security Boulevard.

Peak e-commerce season hits retailers every year just as the Halloween decorations start to come down. Unsurprisingly, cyber criminals see this time as an opportunity to strike, and criminal activity online spikes alongside sales. Shockingly, 4.6% of attempted e-commerce transactions during the 2024 Black Friday period were suspected to be digital fraud. In the UK..

The post How to Protect from Online Fraud This Holiday Season appeared first on Security Boulevard.

Executive Summary: The Paradigm Shift TL;DR — The 30-Second Brief For nearly two decades, “Autoflower” was a dirty word in serious cultivation circles. If you were growing Cannabis ruderalis hybrids in 2010, you were likely hiding a stunted, leafy “Lowryder” in a PC tower case, hoping for a quarter-ounce of 12% THC flower. It was […]

The post The Modern Grower’s Guide to Autoflowering Cannabis (2025 Edition) appeared first on The Weed Blog.

by Er. Nabal Kishore Pande

For many learners, the EF SET 50-minute English test is more than “just another exam.” It is a global, free, adaptive test that gives you an official CEFR-aligned score from beginner to advanced, and it is now used in university applications, job portals, and LinkedIn profiles worldwide. Yet the word “adaptive” often triggers anxiety: Is the computer judging me after every click? Will one bad answer destroy my score? Is the test random?​

Once you understand how adaptive testing really works, the fear disappears and a powerful strategy appears in its place. Adaptive design is not a black box; it is a measurement tool built on psychometrics, probability, and fairness. Learning to “think like the algorithm” is one of the fastest ways to unlock higher EF SET scores — without adding extra months of random practice.

What Makes EF SET Different?

EF SET is not a static list of questions. It is a computerized adaptive test (CAT) that changes the difficulty of the questions it shows you based on how you are performing in real time.​

The 50-minute structure

• Total length: 50 minutes, split into 25 minutes listening and 25 minutes reading.​
• Delivery: 100% online, with a personalized mix of tasks depending on your responses.​
• Output: A score on a 0–100 scale, mapped to CEFR levels from A1 to C2, with the 50-minute EF SET specifically designed to cover B1 to C2 for many use cases.​

The key point: Two test takers might see different sets of questions, but both can receive equally accurate scores because the algorithm adapts to their ability level.​

Adaptive Testing 101: How the Algorithm “Thinks”

From fixed tests to adaptive engines

Traditional paper tests give every candidate the same items. That is efficient for printing, but not for measurement accuracy. Strong students get bored by easy questions, and weaker students are crushed by items that are far above their level — yet both groups end up with scores estimated from questions that were not optimally targeted to their true ability.​

Computerized adaptive testing flips this model:

1. The test starts with items around an assumed “middle” level.
2. After each answer, the system updates its estimate of your ability.
3. It then selects the next best item to refine that estimate — slightly harder if you did well, slightly easier if you struggled.​
4. This loop continues until the test reaches a reliable measurement of your level within the allowed time.​

Studies in assessment show that CAT often needs fewer questions than a comparable fixed test to reach the same or higher accuracy, because every question does maximum “measurement work.”​

Item Response Theory in simple language

EF SET is calibrated using Item Response Theory (IRT), a statistical framework used in modern large-scale testing.​

In plain terms, IRT assumes:

• Every question has a difficulty level (how hard it is).
• Many questions also have a discrimination value (how well they separate higher-ability from lower-ability candidates).​
• Your “ability” is an invisible trait that the system tries to estimate from your pattern of right and wrong answers.

Instead of just counting correct answers, the algorithm asks:

“Given the difficulty and discrimination of these items, what is the most likely underlying ability level that would produce this pattern of answers?”

That is why one wrong answer does not automatically ruin your score. What matters is the overall pattern of performance, especially on questions that are well-targeted to your level.​

Why Adaptive Testing Is Good News for You

When you first hear “algorithm,” it might sound cold or unfriendly. In practice, adaptive design is one of the most student-friendly innovations in modern testing.

1. Shorter, more focused exams

Because every item is targeted to your approximate level, the system can measure your skills with fewer “wasted” questions. Research on CAT in different fields shows that you can often cut the number of items by up to half while maintaining or even improving score accuracy.​

For the EF SET 50-minute test, that translates into:

• A test that feels intense but not endless.
• Less fatigue, which is critical for accurate reading and listening performance.​

2. Fairness across levels

In a fixed test, top candidates may find half of the questions trivial and get little chance to show their upper ceiling, while weaker candidates are stuck on pages of impossible items. Adaptive testing, by contrast, maintains similar precision of measurement for candidates at different levels.​

That matters in a world where English proficiency varies dramatically by region. EF’s global proficiency index shows that only a minority of countries reach “high” or “very high” English levels, while many large populations remain in “low” or “very low” bands. A one-size-fits-all test simply cannot measure that full range fairly.​

3. Psychological benefits: stress with a safety net

Adaptive testing reduces two major emotional hazards:

• Boredom (too easy for too long).
• Hopelessness (too hard for too long).

Instead, the algorithm tries to keep you inside a “productive struggle” zone — a challenge that is uncomfortable but not impossible, which is exactly where learning and accurate measurement happen.​

Inside the EF SET Flow: What Actually Happens on Screen

Think of the EF SET adaptive flow as a conversation between you and the test engine.

The step-by-step journey

You can visualize your session roughly like this:

1. You begin with a question at the mid-intermediate level.
2. If you answer correctly, the engine shifts slightly upward in difficulty; if you answer incorrectly, it nudges downward.​
3. Over several items, the algorithm “homes in” on a band that seems to match your performance.
4. It keeps sampling within and around that zone to refine the estimate, including some items a little easier and a little harder to test the boundaries.
5. Your final score is then mapped onto the EF SET 0–100 scale and aligned to the appropriate CEFR band (for example, B1 around 41–50, C1 typically in the high 60s and above).​

This means there is nothing random or unfair about the path you see. You are not “lucky” or “unlucky” to get certain items; the system is deliberately steering you through a calibrated space of questions that best reveal your true level.​

What This Means for Your Preparation Strategy

Once you understand how the algorithm behaves, your preparation stops being generic and becomes algorithm-aware.

1. Early questions matter — but not in the way you think

The first few questions give the engine its starting clues. They are important for efficiency, but they are not final verdicts.

• A couple of incorrect answers at the beginning might lead the test to probe slightly lower levels for a while, but later correct responses can pull the estimate back up.
• Likewise, a few early correct guesses do not guarantee a very high score; the algorithm will test whether that early performance is stable.​

Your job: Treat the first 5–10 questions as a warm-up where concentration is critical, but do not panic if you stumble.

2. High-value questions at the edges

Questions that sit around your estimated ability level — and slightly above it — tend to carry more information value.

• When you consistently get slightly harder items right, you send a strong signal that your level is higher than initially estimated.
• When you consistently miss items that are clearly below your comfort zone, you send the opposite signal.

That is why accuracy on “challenging but doable” items counts so much. In your practice, you should deliberately train in this zone instead of only doing easy success drills or impossibly hard “ego-killer” tasks.​

3. Intelligent guessing is part of the game

Adaptive tests typically require you to answer everything; leaving too many items blank or timing out can harm the reliability of your score. Because of this:

• Learn to eliminate obviously wrong distractors in multiple-choice options.
• Use linguistic clues (signal words, collocations, discourse markers) to choose the most plausible answer even when you are unsure.

Research in test design emphasizes that well-constructed distractors reveal a lot about partial understanding; learning to “read” these patterns is a practical test-taking skill, not cheating the system.​

4. Train with EF-style tasks and timings

The EF SET 50-minute test splits time evenly between listening and reading, so your preparation must mirror that balance.​

Practical actions:

• Do 25-minute focused listening blocks using academic talks, news reports, and EF-style comprehension tasks.
• Follow them with 25-minute reading blocks that train scanning, inference, and detail-tracking under time pressure.
• Whenever possible, simulate adaptive behavior (for example, increase difficulty whenever you get several items right in a row).

Busting the Biggest EF SET Adaptive Myths

Myth 1: “The test is random, so my preparation doesn’t matter.”

Reality: The algorithm is built on calibrated item banks and psychometric models designed to maximize measurement accuracy, not to surprise you for fun. Your preparation directly influences:​

• How quickly can the test converge on your true level?
• How consistently you can perform near the upper edges of your ability band.

Myth 2: “I must be perfect to get a high score.”

Reality: Even advanced candidates make mistakes. IRT-based systems assume probabilistic performance, not perfection. A C1 or C2-level test taker can still miss some items and retain a high ability estimate, as long as the overall pattern of responses matches that level.​

Myth 3: “If I see hard questions, I’m failing.”

Reality: In adaptive testing, harder questions are usually a positive sign. The system does not waste highly challenging items on candidates it believes are far below that level.​

So, when you notice the text getting denser or the listening tasks more subtle, reframe it like this:

“The algorithm is testing whether I might be in a higher band. This is my opportunity window.”

Data-Backed Benefits: Why EF SET Is Worth Taking Seriously

Global recognition and usage

EF SET is one of the best-known free online English proficiency tests, and its data is used to build the EF English Proficiency Index (EF EPI), which now ranks over 120 countries by adults’ English skills. The most recent report is based on over 2.2 million test takers, showing how central EF SET has become for large-scale English analytics.​

For you as an individual learner, this implies:

• Your score is benchmarked against a truly global population.
• The CEFR alignment is not just theoretical; it is tied to large empirical datasets.​

Economic and career relevance

Analyses in recent EF EPI reports show that higher national English proficiency correlates with better innovation, higher gross national income per capita, and stronger export performance. On a personal level, that translates into:​

• More access to remote and international job markets.
• Higher probability of roles requiring cross-border collaboration.

An EF SET certificate with a strong score, properly framed on your CV or LinkedIn profile, can send a credible signal of readiness for such environments.​

Practical Strategies to Maximize Your Adaptive Test Score

Now let’s turn theory into a concrete game plan you can start this week.

Step 1: Establish a clear baseline

• Take a first EF SET 50-minute test without over-preparing, simply to learn your true current level.​
• Record your global score, section scores, and subjective experience (e.g., “Listening felt harder than reading after minute 15”).

This baseline is your anchor. From here, all progress is measurable rather than emotional.

Step 2: Build core micro-skills

Adaptive tests are unforgiving of vague, unfocused preparation. Break your work into clear micro-skills:

For listening:

• Decoding connected speech and contractions.
• Following signpost words in lectures (however, therefore, on the other hand).
• Separating main ideas from examples and digressions.

For reading:

• Skimming for global meaning.
• Scanning for specific details.
• Recognizing the writer's attitude and implication in opinion texts.

Micro-skill drills give you a tactical advantage when questions scale up in difficulty inside the adaptive flow.

Step 3: Master time and attention, not just content

Because the EF SET is strictly timed, careless attention lapses can cost you more than gaps in knowledge.​

Practical habits:

• Use a visible countdown timer in training sessions.
• Practice deep focus in 10–15-minute bursts, then expand to 25-minute full-section simulations.
• Train your recovery: if you misread a question, consciously reset before the next one instead of mentally replaying the mistake.

Step 4: Train with distractors like a test designer

Look at multiple-choice questions the way a test engineer does:

• One option is the key (correct).
• One or two are plausible but slightly wrong, typically testing common misunderstandings.
• Others are clearly off if you read carefully.

Your elimination strategy:

1. Cross out any option that contradicts explicit information in the text or audio.
2. Eliminate options that are too extreme if the passage is more nuanced.
3. Watch out for distractors repeating exact words from the text but twisting the meaning.

This mindset aligns directly with how EF and other major providers build calibrated items.​

Step 5: Reflect like a data analyst after every practice

After each mock or official test, do a post-mortem:

• Which question types consistently dragged you below your comfort level?
• Did your performance drop more from comprehension issues or from time pressure?
• At what point in each section did mental fatigue appear?

In large-scale studies of CAT termination rules, researchers show that fewer, well-targeted questions can still maintain high accuracy if the underlying model is strong. Treat your own review the same way: a few well-chosen reflections give more value than re-reading every single item.​

A Real-World Story: From Fear to Flow

Imagine a learner like “Anita,” sitting at a solid B2 level with an EF SET score around the low 50s. She feels stuck — practice tests oscillate, and the adaptive behavior scares her. Every time a difficult item appears, she thinks, “I’m failing again.”

After learning how adaptive algorithms work, she reframes her mindset:

• Harder items become signals of opportunity, not signs of failure.
• She learns to take a brief calming breath before high-difficulty items, then applies elimination steadily.
• She structures 8 weeks of preparation around micro-skills, timed EF-style blocks, and detailed error logs instead of random practice sets.

By her next EF SET attempt, she notices something new: the test stays in the “hard zone” for longer, but she remains calm and systematic. Her score climbs from the low 50s into the high 60s, shifting her into a clear C1 band, which now matches her improved listening and reading stamina.​

The key shift was not just more English — it was better alignment with how the adaptive system measures English.

Key Takeaways: How to Decode and Dominate EF SET

• Adaptive testing is your ally. It personalizes difficulty to your level and can reach an accurate CEFR-aligned score in less than an hour.​
• The algorithm is not random. It uses Item Response Theory and calibrated items to estimate your ability from patterns of responses, not from one or two mistakes.​
• Hard questions are a good sign. They indicate that the system is testing whether you might belong to a higher proficiency band.​
• Micro-skills beat vague “more practice.” Focus on listening and reading sub-skills, timing, and distractor analysis to thrive in the adaptive flow.
• Reflection turns tests into training. Treat every EF SET session as data — an opportunity to refine your strategy toward your target CEFR level.​

Your Next Move

If you treat EF SET as a mysterious gatekeeper, it will always feel intimidating. If you treat it as a transparent measurement engine, you can design your preparation to cooperate with its logic instead of fighting it.

Consider this your challenge:

1. Book or take your next EF SET 50-minute test within the next 7 days.​
2. Use the result not as a judgment, but as a diagnostic snapshot.
3. Build an 8-week, algorithm-aware plan that trains micro-skills, time management, and intelligent guessing.

With each attempt, you are not just learning more English — you are mastering how modern adaptive testing reads your performance. That combination is what moves your EF SET score, your CEFR band, and ultimately, your academic and career opportunities.

What will your next EF SET score say about the strategist you have become?

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How to Outsmart EF SET’s Adaptive Algorithm and Boost Your English Score was originally published in Coinmonks on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

Learn five easy ways to avoid scams and stay cyber safe while holiday shopping, with expert tips to protect your accounts, devices, and personal info.

The post Shopping Online This Holiday Season? 5 Ways to Stay Cyber Safe appeared first on TechRepublic.

Learn five easy ways to avoid scams and stay cyber safe while holiday shopping, with expert tips to protect your accounts, devices, and personal info.

The post Shopping Online This Holiday Season? 5 Ways to Stay Cyber Safe appeared first on TechRepublic.

Mars and Mercury cozy up, the Leonids sparkle, and Saturn’s rings are…disappearing? 

Mars and Mercury get close for a conjunction, the Leonid meteor shower delights, and Saturn’s rings are…disappearing?

Skywatching Highlights

• Nov. 12: A conjunction between Mars and Mercury
• Nov. 16-18: Leonid meteor shower peak viewing
• Nov. 23: Saturn’s rings disappear

Transcript

Mars and Mercury have a cozy conjunction, the Leonid meteor shower delights, and Saturn’s rings are…disappearing?

That’s What’s Up for November.

Conjunction:

Mars and Mercury will cozy up together in the night sky just after sunset on November 12th.

The planets will experience what is known as a conjunction, meaning they appear close together in the sky from our view (even though in real life, Mars and Mercury are well over 100 million miles apart). 

But you can see these two long distance pals close together if you look slightly southwest just after sunset in the early evening sky on November 12th. 

Mars will be just to the right above Mercury, and you’ll know it’s Mars by its distinctive reddish-orange color.

Leonid Meteor Shower: 

The Leonid meteor shower will sparkle across the skies this month, peaking on November 17th.

While the meteor shower stretches from November 3rd through December 2nd, it will be at its most visible late on the night of November 16th into the dawn of November 17th, even into the early morning of November 18th.

Look for meteors coming from the shower’s radiant point within the constellation Leo in the eastern sky.

With dark skies, you might see 10-15 meteors per hour with this shower which happens when we travel through the debris trailing the comet 55P/Tempel-Tuttle.

Saturn’s rings disappear

Saturn’s rings will disappear from view this November! 

Saturn orbits the sun leaning at an angle of 26.7 degrees. This means that from our view, its rings shift up and down over time. 

On November 23, Saturn will be angled in such a way that its rings face us, and since they are so thin they’ll just disappear from view. 

But don’t worry, the rings aren’t gone from view forever. As the planet continues to orbit, its rings will gradually become more visible again. 

Conclusion + Moon Phases

Here are the phases of the Moon for November.

You can stay up to date on all of NASA’s missions exploring the solar system and beyond at science.nasa.gov.

I’m Chelsea Gohd from NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and that’s What’s Up for this month.

Keep Exploring

Discover More Topics From NASA

What’s Up

Skywatching

Galaxies

Stars

Cajun Smoked Turkey

I fired up my stick burner for this one — real wood, real smoke, and a Cajun kick that just works on turkey. This recipe’s got a bunch of solid tips for cooking a juicy bird, no matter what flavors you like to use. If you’re after that true smoked turkey look and taste, this is how you do it.

WHAT MALCOM USED IN THIS RECIPE:

• HowToBBQRight Cajun Brine Kit
• Malcom’s Bird Brine
• Meat Bags – Brining Bags
• Malcom’s King Craw Cajun Seasoning
• Chicken Rack
• Disposable BBQ Boards
• Thermoworks DOT
• Thermoworks Thermapen
• BBQ Gloves

Cajun Smoked Turkey

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• Author: Malcom Reed

Print Recipe

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Description

Simple Cajun smoked turkey cooked over real wood and charcoal — full of smoke, spice, and tips for a juicy bird every time.

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Ingredients

• 1 whole turkey, thawed
• 1 bottle Malcom’s Bird Brine
• 1 bottle Malcom’s King Craw Cajun Seasoning
• Meat Bag (optional)
• Water (enough to completely submerge turkey)
• 1 stick butter
• 1 cup chicken broth
• 1 stalk celery, cut into chunks
• 1 medium onion, quartered
• 1 head garlic, smashed
• Cooking spray or oil (for coating the skin)
• Chicken Rack (optional)

Cook Mode Prevent your screen from going dark

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Instructions

1. Brine the Bird
   1. Start with a completely thawed turkey. In a large Meat Bag or food-safe container, mix Malcom’s Bird Brine with 1 gallon of water. (For turkeys 12-14lbs or less, use 1/2 bottle. For turkeys over 14lbs, use entire bottle).
   2. Submerge the turkey and add more water as needed to cover it completely. Tie the bag up tight and refrigerate for 24 hours.
   3. Brining helps the meat stay juicy and pull flavor deep inside — it’s one step you don’t want to skip.
2. Prep the Turkey
   1. After at least 24 hours, remove the turkey from the brine and pat it completely dry with paper towels.
   2. Stuff the cavity with celery, onion, and garlic.
   3. Tuck the wings and tie the legs so everything cooks evenly and the tips don’t burn.
3. Make the Injection (optional)
   1. Mix 1 stick of butter, 1 cup chicken broth and about 2 tablespoons Malcom’s King Craw Cajun Seasoning.
   2. Stir to combine. Inject the mixture into the breast, thighs, and wings, distributing evenly. Season the Skin
   3. Spray or rub the outside of the turkey with cooking spray or oil — this helps crisp the skin and gives the seasoning something to stick to.
   4. Generously coat the bird with Malcom’s King Craw Cajun Seasoning (or your fave turkey seasoning).
4. Smoke the Turkey
   1. Fire up your smoker for indirect cooking and add your favorite wood (hickory and pecan work great). Run the pit around 275°F. Place the turkey on the smoker breast side up.
5. Protect the Turkey
   1. When the skin has the color you want — that deep golden-brown Cajun look — spray the outside again with cooking spray and loosely tent with foil to prevent over-darkening.
   2. Continue cooking until the breast hits 160°F internal and the dark meat reaches about 175°F.
6. Rest and Serve
   1. Remove the turkey from the pit and let it rest for at least 20-30 minutes before carving. This lets the juices redistribute and keeps the meat tender.

Notes

• Don’t skip the dry step. The drier the skin, the better it browns and crisps up.
• Use a meat thermometer. It’s the only way to nail that perfect doneness.
• Color control: On a stick burner, smoke runs heavy — so tent the turkey once the color looks good. You want mahogany, not black.
• Flavor variations: Swap Malcom’s King Craw Cajun Seasoning for your favorite turkey seasoning — classic poultry blends, garlic and herb, or a buttery savory rub all work great with this same process.

Every turkey cooks a little different, but if you take your time and let the smoke do the work, you’ll end up with one you’re proud to carve. That’s the kind of bird everyone remembers.

Malcom Reed
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The post Cajun Smoked Turkey on a Stick Burner appeared first on HowToBBBQRight.

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