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ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ 주ꢌ만으둠 λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜λ‹€Β·Β·Β·κ³΅κ³΅ λΆ€λ¬Έμ˜ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μŸμ μ€ β€˜μ’…λ‹¨ κ°„ μ•”ν˜Έν™”β€™

λ°μ΄ν„°μ˜ μœ„μΉ˜ μ§€μ •λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλŠ” 더 이상 μΆ©λΆ„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” 인식이 ν™•μ‚°λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μ •λΆ€κ°€ 자ꡭ 내에 데이터λ₯Ό λ³΄κ΄€ν•˜λ”λΌλ„ μ„œλ“œνŒŒν‹° μ„œλ²„μ— μ˜¬λ €λ‘λ©΄ μ‹€μ œ μ£ΌκΆŒμ„ 보μž₯ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μš°λ €κ°€ μ»€μ§€λ©΄μ„œ, 규제 당ꡭ은 보닀 근본적인 쑰치λ₯Ό μš”κ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ°”λ‘œ 데이터 μ•”ν˜Έν™” 킀에 λŒ€ν•œ ν†΅μ œκΆŒμ΄λ‹€.

μŠ€μœ„μŠ€ μ§€λ°©μ •λΆ€ κ°œμΈμ •λ³΄λ³΄ν˜Έ μ±…μž„μž ν˜‘μ˜μ²΄μΈ ν”„λ¦¬λ°”νŒ€(Privatim)은 졜근 κ²°μ˜λ¬Έμ„ 톡해, λ―Όκ°ν•œ μ •λΆ€ 데이터λ₯Ό λ‹€λ£° λ•Œ 기관이 직접 쒅단 κ°„(E2E) μ•”ν˜Έν™”λ₯Ό κ΅¬ν˜„ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” ν•œ κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ν˜• μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄(SaaS) μ‚¬μš©μ„ ν”Όν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μ΄‰κ΅¬ν–ˆλ‹€. κ²°μ˜λ¬Έμ€ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 기쀀에 λ―ΈμΉ˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λ‘€λ‘œ λ§ˆμ΄ν¬λ‘œμ†Œν”„νŠΈ 365λ₯Ό λͺ…μ‹œμ μœΌλ‘œ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν–ˆλ‹€.

κ²°μ˜λ¬Έμ€ β€œλŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜ SaaS μ†”λ£¨μ…˜μ€ 업체가 평문 데이터에 μ ‘κ·Όν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λ„둝 보μž₯ν•˜λŠ” μ§„μ •ν•œ 쒅단 κ°„ μ•”ν˜Έν™”λ₯Ό 아직 μ§€μ›ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ SaaS μ• ν”Œλ¦¬μΌ€μ΄μ…˜ μ‚¬μš©μ€ κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ ν†΅μ œλ ₯을 μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ μ•½ν™”μ‹œν‚€λŠ” κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ΄ˆλž˜ν•œλ‹€β€λΌκ³  λ°ν˜”λ‹€.

뢄석가듀은 이런 ν†΅μ œλ ₯ 상싀이 데이터 주ꢌ의 핡심 κ°œλ…μ„ ν›Όμ†ν•œλ‹€κ³  μ§€μ ν–ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ ˆμ΄ν•˜μš΄λ“œλ¦¬μ„œμΉ˜(Greyhound Research) 졜고 μ• λ„λ¦¬μŠ€νŠΈ μ‚°μΉ˜νŠΈ λΉ„λ₯΄ κ³ κΈ°μ•„λŠ” β€œν΄λΌμš°λ“œ 업체가 법적 μ ˆμ°¨λ“  λ‚΄λΆ€ λ©”μ»€λ‹ˆμ¦˜μ΄λ“  μ–΄λ–€ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œλ“  고객 데이터λ₯Ό λ³΅ν˜Έν™”ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯을 κ°–κ³  μžˆλ‹€λ©΄, κ·Έ λ°μ΄ν„°λŠ” 더 이상 μ§„μ •ν•œ 의미의 μ£ΌκΆŒμ„ μ§€λ‹Œ 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλ‹€β€λΌκ³  λ§ν–ˆλ‹€.

κ³ κΈ°μ•„λŠ” 유럽 κ΅­κ°€ μ „λ°˜μ—μ„œ 이와 μœ μ‚¬ν•œ 의견이 μ œμ‹œλ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ–ΈκΈ‰ν–ˆλ‹€. 그에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ μœ λŸ½μ—μ„œλŠ” 독일, ν”„λž‘μŠ€, 덴마크, μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•© μ§‘ν–‰μœ„μ›νšŒ 등이 ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ μ—…μ²΄μ˜ 쀑립성에 λŒ€ν•œ μ‹ λ’°κ°€ μ•½ν™”λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λ©° κ²½κ³ ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ 쑰치λ₯Ό μ·¨ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŠ” β€œμŠ€μœ„μŠ€λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 유럽 ꡭ가듀이 μ•”μ‹œμ μœΌλ‘œ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•΄μ˜¨ λ‚΄μš©μ„ λͺ…ν™•νžˆ ν–ˆλ‹€. κ²°μ˜λ¬Έμ€ λ―Έκ΅­ ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ 법과 ν•΄μ™Έ κ°μ‹œ μœ„ν—˜ λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 쒅단 κ°„ μ•”ν˜Έν™”κ°€ μ μš©λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ μ†”λ£¨μ…˜μ€ λ―Όκ°ν•œ 곡곡 λΆ€λ¬Έ 업무에 μ ν•©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€κ³  κ·œμ •ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€β€λΌκ³  λ§ν–ˆλ‹€.

μ•”ν˜Έν™”μ™€ β€˜μœ„μΉ˜β€™μ˜ ν•œκ³„

ν”„λ¦¬λ°”νŒ€μ€ κ²°μ˜λ¬Έμ—μ„œ 데이터 μœ„μΉ˜ κ·œμ •λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλŠ” ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” 리슀크λ₯Ό μ§€μ ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ, 당ꡭ이 κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ κΈ°μ—…μ˜ 계약 의무 μ€€μˆ˜ μ—¬λΆ€λ₯Ό 검증할 수 μžˆμ„ μ •λ„λ‘œ μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ 투λͺ…성을 μ œκ³΅λ°›μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ§„λ‹¨ν–ˆλ‹€. 이런 뢈투λͺ…성이 기술의 μ‹€μ œ κ΅¬ν˜„ 방식, μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ λ³€κ²½ 관리, 그리고 직원과 ν•˜μ²­ 업체λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ°λ…ν•˜λŠ”μ§€κΉŒμ§€ 이어지며, μ™ΈλΆ€ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ μ œκ³΅μžκ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬ λ‹¨κ³„λ‘œ μ–½νžˆλŠ” λ³΅μž‘ν•œ ꡬ쑰둜 ν™•λŒ€λœλ‹€κ³  κ°•μ‘°ν–ˆλ‹€.

κ°€νŠΈλ„ˆ(Gartner) μˆ˜μ„ μ• λ„λ¦¬μŠ€νŠΈ μ•„μ‹œμ‹œ λ°°λ„ˆμ§€λŠ” 데이터가 νŠΉμ • ꡭ가에 μ €μž₯돼 μžˆμ–΄λ„ λ―Έκ΅­ ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ λ²•μ²˜λŸΌ μ΄ˆκ΅­κ°€μ  적용이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 법λ₯ μ— 따라 μ™Έκ΅­ μ •λΆ€κ°€ μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŠ” λ˜ν•œ μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄ 벀더가 계약 쑰건을 주기적으둜 μˆ˜μ •ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄ 고객의 ν†΅μ œκΆŒμ΄ 더 μ•½ν™”λœλ‹€κ³  λΆ„μ„ν–ˆλ‹€.

λ°°λ„ˆμ§€λŠ” β€œμ€‘λ™κ³Ό 유럽의 μ—¬λŸ¬ 고객이 β€˜λ°μ΄ν„°κ°€ 어디에 μ €μž₯돼 μžˆλ“ , λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ λ―Έκ΅­ 기반인 ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ 업체가 μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 μžˆλ‹€β€™λŠ” 점을 μš°λ €ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€β€λΌκ³  λ§ν–ˆλ‹€.

μ—λ² λ ˆμŠ€νŠΈκ·Έλ£Ή(Everest Group) μˆ˜μ„ μ• λ„λ¦¬μŠ€νŠΈ ν”„λΌλΈŒμ£ νŠΈ 카우λ₯΄λŠ” μŠ€μœ„μŠ€μ˜ μž…μž₯이 기술 μ£ΌκΆŒμ„ κ°•ν™”ν•˜λ €λŠ” 규제 λ³€ν™” 흐름을 λ”μš± κ°€μ†ν•œλ‹€κ³  μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆλ‹€. 카우λ₯΄λŠ” β€œμŠ€μœ„μŠ€μ˜ 기쀀이 λ‹€λ₯Έ ꡭ가보닀 μ—„κ²©ν•œ 것은 μ‚¬μ‹€μ΄μ§€λ§Œ, κ²°μ½” νŠΉλ³„ν•œ μ‚¬λ‘€λŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ³„μ•½μ΄λ‚˜ 절차적 μ•ˆμ „μž₯μΉ˜μ— μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œμž₯μ—μ„œλ„ 기술 μ£ΌκΆŒμ„ κ°•ν™”ν•˜λŠ” λ°©ν–₯으둜 μ „ν™˜μ΄ 빨라지고 μžˆλ‹€β€λΌκ³  μ–ΈκΈ‰ν–ˆλ‹€.

ν”„λ¦¬λ°”νŒ€μ€ 이런 ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•΄ λͺ¨λ“  곡곡 λΆ€λ¬Έμ—μ„œ ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ μ‚¬μš© 기쀀을 κ°•ν™”ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μ œμ‹œν–ˆλ‹€. κ²°μ˜λ¬Έμ€ β€œνŠΉνžˆ λ―Όκ°ν•œ κ°œμΈμ •λ³΄λ‚˜ 법적 λΉ„λ°€ μœ μ§€ μ˜λ¬΄κ°€ μ μš©λ˜λŠ” 데이터λ₯Ό λ‹€λ£¨λŠ” 곡곡기관은 데이터λ₯Ό 직접 μ•”ν˜Έν™”ν•˜κ³ , ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ 업체가 μ•”ν˜Έ 킀에 μ ‘κ·Όν•  수 μ—†λŠ” κ²½μš°μ—λ§Œ κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ SaaS μ†”λ£¨μ…˜μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€β€λΌκ³  λ°ν˜”λ‹€.

μ΄λŠ” ν˜„μž¬μ˜ κ΄€ν–‰κ³Ό ν™•μ—°νžˆ λ‹€λ₯Έ 접근이닀. μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ λ§Žμ€ μ •λΆ€ 기관은 ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ 업체가 기본으둜 μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” μ•”ν˜Έν™” κΈ°λŠ₯에 μ˜μ‘΄ν•΄ μ™”λ‹€. λ§ˆμ΄ν¬λ‘œμ†Œν”„νŠΈ 365와 같은 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λŠ” μ €μž₯ 및 전솑 λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œ μ•”ν˜Έν™”λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μš΄μ˜μƒ ν•„μš”λ‚˜ 규제 μ€€μˆ˜, 법적 μš”μ²­μ— λŒ€μ‘ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ§ˆμ΄ν¬λ‘œμ†Œν”„νŠΈκ°€ 데이터λ₯Ό λ³΅ν˜Έν™”ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κΆŒν•œμ„ μ—¬μ „νžˆ λ³΄μœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€.

λ³΄μ•ˆμ€ κ°•ν™”λ˜μ§€λ§Œ 톡찰λ ₯은 κ°μ†Œ

λ‹€λ§Œ 전문가듀은 고객이 ν†΅μ œν•˜λŠ” 쒅단 κ°„ μ•”ν˜Έν™”κ°€ μƒλ‹Ήν•œ νƒ€ν˜‘μ μ„ μˆ˜λ°˜ν•œλ‹€κ³  μ§€μ ν–ˆλ‹€.

카우λ₯΄λŠ” β€œμ—…μ²΄κ°€ 평문 데이터λ₯Ό μ „ν˜€ λ³Ό 수 μ—†κ²Œ 되면, μ •λΆ€λŠ” 검색과 인덱싱 κΈ°λŠ₯ μ €ν•˜, ν˜‘μ—… κΈ°λŠ₯ μ œν•œ, μžλ™ν™”λœ μœ„ν˜‘ νƒμ§€λ‚˜ 데이터 유좜 λ°©μ§€ 도ꡬ ν™œμš© μ œμ•½μ— μ§λ©΄ν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€β€λΌκ³  λ§ν–ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŠ” 이어 β€œμ½”νŒŒμΌλŸΏκ³Ό 같은 AI 기반 생산성 κΈ°λŠ₯도 업체 μΈ‘ 데이터 처리λ₯Ό μ „μ œλ‘œ ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—, μ—„κ²©ν•œ 쒅단 κ°„ μ•”ν˜Έν™” ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œλŠ” 사싀상 ν™œμš©μ΄ λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€β€λΌκ³  μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆλ‹€.

κΈ°λŠ₯적 μ œμ•½ 외에 인프라와 λΉ„μš© 뢀담도 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ 될 수 μžˆλ‹€. 기관은 자체 ν‚€ 관리 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ μš΄μ˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λ©°, μ΄λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ±°λ²„λ„ŒμŠ€ 업무와 인λ ₯ μˆ˜μš”λ₯Ό μœ λ°œν•œλ‹€. λ°°λ„ˆμ§€λŠ” λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ μ•”ν˜Έν™” 및 λ³΅ν˜Έν™” μž‘μ—…μ΄ μΆ”κ°€ ν•˜λ“œμ›¨μ–΄ μžμ›μ„ μš”κ΅¬ν•˜κ³  지연을 μ¦κ°€μ‹œμΌœ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ μ„±λŠ₯에 영ν–₯을 쀄 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λΆ„μ„ν–ˆλ‹€.

λ°°λ„ˆμ§€λŠ” β€œμΆ”κ°€ ν•˜λ“œμ›¨μ–΄κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•΄μ§€κ³  μ‚¬μš©μž κ²½ν—˜μ—μ„œλ„ 지연이 λ°œμƒν•  수 있으며, 전체 μ†”λ£¨μ…˜ λΉ„μš©λ„ 더 λ†’μ•„μ§ˆ 수 μžˆλ‹€β€λΌκ³  λ§ν–ˆλ‹€.

κ³ κΈ°μ•„λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ œμ•½μœΌλ‘œ 인해 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ •λΆ€κ°€ 전면적인 μ•”ν˜Έν™” λŒ€μ‹  단계적 μ ‘κ·Ό 방식을 택할 것이라고 μ „λ§ν–ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŠ” β€œκΈ°λ°€ λ¬Έμ„œ, 법적 쑰사 자료, κ΅­κ°€μ•ˆλ³΄ κ΄€λ ¨ λ¬Έμ„œ λ“± κ³ λ„μ˜ 민감 데이터λ₯Ό 별도 ν…Œλ„ŒνŠΈλ‚˜ 주ꢌ ν™˜κ²½μ— 두고 μ™„μ „ν•œ 쒅단 κ°„ μ•”ν˜Έν™”λ₯Ό μ μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방식이 ν˜„μ‹€μ μΈ 선택지가 될 것”이라고 λ§ν–ˆλ‹€. 반면 ν–‰μ • λ¬Έμ„œλ‚˜ μ‹œλ―Ό μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ λ“± 폭넓은 곡곡 μ—…λ¬΄λŠ” ν†΅μ œλœ μ•”ν˜Έν™”μ™€ κ°•ν™”λœ 감사 κΈ°λŠ₯을 μ μš©ν•œ μ£Όμš” ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ ν”Œλž«νΌμ„ 계속 ν™œμš©ν•  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 보인닀고 μ§„λ‹¨ν–ˆλ‹€.

ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ μ»΄ν“¨νŒ… μ—­λŸ‰μ˜ λ³€ν™”

카우λ₯΄λŠ” μŠ€μœ„μŠ€μ˜ μ ‘κ·Ό 방식이 ꡭ제적으둜 확산될 경우, μ£Όμš” ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ 업체가 계약상 λ˜λŠ” μ§€μ—­ 보μž₯에 머무λ₯΄μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ³  기술 μ£ΌκΆŒμ„ κ°•ν™”ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  것이라고 μ „λ§ν–ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŠ” β€œλ³€ν™” 쑰짐은 이미 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 특히 λ§ˆμ΄ν¬λ‘œμ†Œν”„νŠΈκ°€ 고객 ν†΅μ œ μ•”ν˜Έν™”μ™€ κ΄€ν• κΆŒ 기반 μ ‘κ·Ό μ œν•œμ„ κ°•ν™”ν•˜λŠ” 보닀 μ—„κ²©ν•œ λͺ¨λΈμ„ λ„μž…ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆλ‹€β€λΌκ³  λ§ν–ˆλ‹€.

κ³ κΈ°μ•„λŠ” 이런 λ³€ν™”κ°€ ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ 업체가 μ •λΆ€ 고객을 λŒ€ν•˜λŠ” 방식을 근본적으둜 흔든닀고 λΆ„μ„ν–ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŠ” β€œλ°μ΄ν„°μ„Όν„° μœ„μΉ˜, μ§€μ—­ 지원, 계약 기반 뢄리 등을 μ£Όμš” 보증 μˆ˜λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ μ‚Όμ•˜λ˜ κΈ°μ‘΄ μ •λΆ€ ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ μ „λž΅μ˜ 상당 뢀뢄이 더 이상 μœ νš¨ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ 됐닀”라고 λ§ν–ˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ β€œν΄λΌμ΄μ–ΈνŠΈ μΈ‘ μ•”ν˜Έν™”, κΈ°λ°€ μ»΄ν“¨νŒ…, μ™ΈλΆ€ ν‚€ κ΄€λ¦¬λŠ” 선택적 κΈ°λŠ₯이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 고규제 μ‹œμž₯의 곡곡 λΆ€λ¬Έ κ³„μ•½μ—μ„œ λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ κ°–μΆ°μ•Ό ν•  κΈ°λ³Έ μš”κ±΄μ΄ 됐닀”라고 κ°•μ‘°ν–ˆλ‹€.

λ°°λ„ˆμ§€λŠ” 이둜 인해 μ‹œμž₯ ꡬ쑰도 크게 재편될 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ „λ§ν–ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŠ” 주ꢌ λ¬Έμ œμ— μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ λ―Όκ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 상업 고객을 μœ„ν•œ κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ ν΄λΌμš°λ“œμ™€, μ™„μ „ν•œ ν†΅μ œλ₯Ό μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 프리미엄 주ꢌ ν΄λΌμš°λ“œλΌλŠ” β€˜μ΄μ›ν™” ꡬ쑰’가 생길 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ§„λ‹¨ν–ˆλ‹€. 이어 β€œμœ λŸ½ λ“±μ§€μ—μ„œ λΆ€μƒν•˜λŠ” μ‹ ν₯ ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ 업체와 μ§€μ—­ 벀더듀이 μ—„κ²©ν•œ μ•”ν˜Έν™” μš”κ±΄μ„ μΆ©μ‘±ν•˜λŠ” 주ꢌ 기반 μ†”λ£¨μ…˜μ„ μ œκ³΅ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μ‹œμž₯ μ μœ μœ¨μ„ ν™•λŒ€ν•  κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆλ‹€β€λΌκ³  λΆ„μ„ν–ˆλ‹€.

ν”„λ¦¬λ°”νŒ€μ˜ κΆŒκ³ μ•ˆμ€ μŠ€μœ„μŠ€ 곡곡 κΈ°κ΄€μ—λ§Œ μ μš©λ˜λŠ” μ§€μΉ¨μ΄μ§€λ§Œ, 이번 λ…ΌμŸμ€ 기술 정책을 λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Ό 지정학적 경쟁이 κ²©ν™”ν•˜λŠ” μƒν™©μ—μ„œ λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ 데이터 μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό ν†΅μ œν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒλ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλŠ” 더 이상 규제 λ‹Ήκ΅­μ˜ 주ꢌ μš”κ΅¬λ₯Ό μΆ©μ‘±μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€λŠ” 점을 보여쀀닀.
dl-ciokorea@foundryco.com

End-to-end encryption is next frontline in governments’ data sovereignty war with hyperscalers

Data residency is no longer enough. As governments lose faith that storing data within their borders, but on someone else’s servers, provides real sovereignty, regulators are demanding something more fundamental: control over the encryption keys for their data.

Privatim, a collective of Swiss local government data protection officers, last week called on their employers to avoid the use of international software-as-a-service solutions for sensitive government data unless the agencies themselves implement end-to-end encryption. The resolution specifically cited Microsoft 365 as an example of the kinds of platforms that fall short.

β€œMost SaaS solutions do not yet offer true end-to-end encryption that would prevent the provider from accessing plaintext data,” said the Swiss data protection officers’ resolution. β€œThe use of SaaS applications therefore entails a significant loss of control.”

Security analysts say this loss of control undermines the very concept of data sovereignty. β€œWhen a cloud provider has any ability to decrypt customer data, either through legal process or internal mechanisms, the data is no longer truly sovereign,” said Sanchit Vir Gogia, chief analyst at Greyhound Research.

The Swiss position isn’t isolated, Gogia said. Across Europe, Germany, France, Denmark and the European Commission have each issued warnings or taken action, pointing to a loss of faith in the neutrality of foreign-owned hyperscalers, he said. β€œSwitzerland distinguished itself by stating explicitly what others have implied: that the US CLOUD Act and foreign surveillance risk renders cloud solutions lacking end-to-end encryption unsuitable for high-sensitivity public sector use, according to the resolution.”

Encryption, location, location

Privatim’s resolution identified risks that geographic data residency cannot address. Globally operating companies offer insufficient transparency for authorities to verify compliance with contractual obligations, the group said. This opacity extends to technical implementations, change management, and monitoring of employees and subcontractors who can form long chains of external service providers.

Data stored in one jurisdiction can still be accessed by foreign governments under extraterritorial laws like the US Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data (CLOUD) Act, said Ashish Banerjee, senior principal analyst at Gartner. Software providers can also unilaterally amend contract terms periodically, further reducing customer control, he said.

β€œSeveral clients in the Middle East and Europe have raised concerns that, regardless of where their data is stored, it could still be accessed by cloud providers β€” most of which are US-based,” Banerjee said.

Prabhjyot Kaur, senior analyst at Everest Group, said the Swiss stance accelerates a broader regulatory pivot toward technical sovereignty controls. β€œWhile the Swiss position is more stringent than most, it is not an isolated outlier,” she said. β€œIt accelerates a broader regulatory pivot toward technical sovereignty controls, even in markets that still rely on contractual or procedural safeguards today.”

Given these limitations, Privatim called for stricter rules on cloud use at all levels of government: β€œThe use of international SaaS solutions for particularly sensitive personal data or data subject to legal confidentiality obligations by public bodies is only possible if the data is encrypted by the responsible body itself and the cloud provider has no access to the key.”

This represents a departure from current practices, where many government bodies rely on cloud providers’ native encryption features. Services like Microsoft 365 offer encryption at rest and in transit, but Microsoft retains the ability to decrypt that data for operational purposes, compliance requirements, or legal requests.

More security, less insight

Customer-controlled end-to-end encryption comes with significant trade-offs, analysts said.

β€œWhen the provider has zero visibility into plaintext, governments would face reduced search and indexing capabilities, limited collaboration features, and restrictions on automated threat detection and data loss prevention tooling,” said Kaur. β€œAI-driven productivity enhancements like copilots also rely on provider-side processing, which becomes impossible under strict end-to-end encryption.”

Beyond functionality losses, agencies would face significant infrastructure and cost challenges. They would need to operate their own key management systems, introducing governance overhead and staffing needs. Encryption and decryption at scale can impact system performance, as they require additional hardware resources and increase latency, Banerjee said.

β€œThis might require additional hardware resources, increased latency in user interactions, and a more expensive overall solution,” he said.

These constraints mean most governments will likely adopt a tiered approach rather than blanket encryption, said Gogia. β€œHighly confidential content, including classified documents, legal investigations, and state security dossiers, can be wrapped in true end-to-end encryption and segregated into specialized tenants or sovereign environments,” he said. Broader government operations, including administrative records and citizen services, will continue to use mainstream cloud platforms with controlled encryption and enhanced auditability.

A shift in cloud computing power

If the Swiss approach gains momentum internationally, hyperscalers will need to strengthen technical sovereignty controls rather than relying primarily on contractual or regional assurances, Kaur said. β€œThe required adaptations are already visible, particularly from Microsoft, which has begun rolling out more stringent models around customer-controlled encryption and jurisdictional access restrictions.”

The shift challenges fundamental assumptions in how cloud providers have approached government customers, according to Gogia. β€œThis invalidates large portions of the existing government cloud playbooks that depend on data center residency, regional support, and contractual segmentation as the primary guarantees,” he said. β€œClient-side encryption, confidential computing, and external key management are no longer optional capabilities but baseline requirements for public sector contracts in high-compliance markets.”

The market dynamics could shift significantly as a result. Banerjee said this could create a two-tier structure: global cloud services for commercial customers less concerned about sovereignty, and premium sovereign clouds for governments demanding full control. β€œNon-US cloud providers and local vendors β€” such as emerging players in Europe β€” could gain market share by delivering sovereign solutions that meet strict encryption requirements,” he said.

Privatim’s recommendations apply specifically to Swiss public bodies and serve as guidance rather than binding policy. But the debate signals that data location alone may no longer satisfy regulators’ sovereignty concerns in an era where geopolitical rivalries are increasingly playing out through technology policy.

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