
New Yorkβs 280 conditionally licensed recreational cannabis farmers received a notice right after Christmas from state regulators, informing them they would be required to choose one of four cultivation plans for the coming year β and that they only had a few weeks to make that decision.
The initial notice gave farmers until Jan. 13 to make a selection between growing entirely outdoors for the 2023 season, growing entirely indoors in a greenhouse, or two possible combination options of both outdoor and indoor, a major policy shift from what growers had previously understood theyβd be allowed to do this year, several growers said.
After the Cannabis Association of New York (CANY) and several members who are licensed cultivators complained to the stateβs Office of Cannabis Management (OCM) about the deadline, the timeline was extended, but only to Feb. 1.
The situation has many growers feeling boxed into a choice they donβt want to make and without full knowledge of the possible ramifications for their own fledgling businesses. The state still only has two retailers open and operating, and most of the legal farmers have yet to even sell any of their crops from this past fall.
βIt appears to be locking us in to uninformed decisions, possibly for the next couple of years, and thatβs really what has the growers concerned,β said Tim Moshier, the owner of B30 Farm in Fulton. βWe havenβt been able to get our stuff to market yet and find out what sells and what doesnβt.β
Moshier pointed out that early last year, state regulators told industry stakeholders that the plan was to have multiple dispensaries open by the end of 2022, but only one β Housing Works in Manhattan β actually launched. That has nearly all of the licensed farmers still waiting to sell the vast majority of their harvests.
The new letter, Moshier said, is βone more straw on the camelβs backβ for a lot of growers.
βA lot of growers thought weβd have product in dispensaries a month or two ago, according to the OCMβs original plan. That didnβt happen. People are getting cash-strapped now,β he said.
Itβs also unclear whether farmers will be permanently locked into whatever choice they make, or if regulators will allow them the flexibility to, say, add a greenhouse to an outdoor-only grow down the line at some point or transition into a vertically integrated microbusiness.
Those are both changes that several farmers have been seriously contemplating.
βWe all had the idea weβd be in the place where weβre at until 2024, and then weβd be able to at least make an educated decision based on the market conditions and based on a good perspective of what our place can really be here to be successful,β said Brittany Carbone, the CEO of Tricolla Farms in Berkshire and a board member of CANY, which represents about 80 of the state-licensed farmers.
βTo make that decision now is just very hasty,β Carbone said. βFor a vast majority, itβs a very difficult decision to make at such an uncertain time.β
The Options
The four choices growers were given are:
- Outdoor, which includes up 43,560 square feet of outdoor canopy.
- Greenhouse/mixed light with no more than 20 lights, which includes 25,000 square feet of canopy.
- Outdoor and greenhouse/mixed light with no more than 20 lights, which allows for both indoor and outdoor cultivation, with a cap of 20,000 square feet of greenhouse canopy and 30,000 square feet of total canopy.
- Outdoor and greenhouse/mixed light with no restriction on the number of grow lights, with a cap of 12,000 square feet of outdoor canopy and 6,250 square feet in a greenhouse.
βThis form is required to be submitted by all (adult use conditional cultivators) that wish to cultivate in the 2023 season,β the letter from the OCM to growers reads.
The letter also includes a provision that any grower who signs and submits the form recognizes that the βselected and approved cultivation tier on this form will transition with conditional licensees as their approved tier for full licensure,β which suggests that whatever choice the growers all make will become their long-term place in the New York cannabis supply chain.
βThe more indoor youβre allowed to have, then the less outdoor. Itβs strange, and thereβs no guidance for it,β said Tess Interlicchia, CEO and owner of Grateful Valley Farm in Corning.
The Problems
Interlicchia said it feels as though the OCM is putting more restrictions on small distressed farms like hers, instead of giving them ways to be competitive, even though the New York market has been specifically designed to bolster small businesses. The 280 conditional cultivation licenses, for instance, were all given to licensed hemp farmers, with larger multistate operators being forced to largely sit on the sidelines until late 2025.
But once bigger companies can enter the market, Interlicchia said, the choice she and other farmers are being forced to make this coming week could come back to haunt them.
βIt feels like weβre being set up to fail, to be honest, because none of us have tens of millions of dollars to throw up a greenhouse right away to be able to compete with the MSOβs,β said Interlicchia, who added sheβs still struggling with which of the four options to choose. βItβs nerve wracking. Itβs kind of scary.β
OCM spokespeople did not respond to multiple requests for comment on the policy shift, and the reason for the notice remains unclear.
βI would love to knowβ why the OCM sent out the notice, Interlicchia said. βThey have sent out plenty of surveys. They could have just done that, instead of being like, βThis is firm and you must do this by that date.'β
Carbone said she believes the policy shift is an attempt by the OCM to both get a better handle on overseeing the statewide supply chain and to address a prior CANY complaint that 20 lights for a greenhouse is too few lamps for indoor growers to be truly effective.
βThey did provide a pathway for people to utilize more lights, to extend that season and greenhouse production,β Carbone noted. βItβs something thatβs needed. But once again, itβs a lack of clarity, and communication not being as dynamic as weβd like it to be. Itβs causing a lot of frustration for growers.β
βThere are definitely people who are like, βF*** yeah, like, I have the greenhouse, Iβm filling it out with lights.β Theyβre ready to go. And thatβs awesome, we need that,β Carbone said, but characterized that as a minority of farmers.
Moshier said heβs still hopeful that regulators will want to work with the farmers instead of being hard-nosed about the situation, but he added that the fundamental issue is a lack of communication.
βI think thereβs a 50/50 chance they may extend the (Feb. 1) deadline again, and maybe come back with some more clarification,β Moshier said. βHopefully theyβll allow us a little more latitude. I donβt know whatβs driving the OCM, to need this information this early in the season.β
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